Jill Gaito, of the Brownfields Action Team located in the Office of Community Revitalization and Local Government Support, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection gave this presentation during the panel "Institutional Controls: The Achilles Heel of the Brownfields Program (and What Can be Done to Fix this Flaw)" which was held at the Brownfields 2005 conference in Denver, Colorado. This presentation reviews some of the concepts to create economically viable and sustainable brownfields redevelopment projects by using Engineering Controls (ECs) and ICs. It also provides a review of Pennsylvania’s regulations that govern the application, enforcement, and long term stewardship of various controls at brownfields sites.